In light of recent political developments in the United States, many scientists and researchers are considering a move to Germany. The country offers world-class research institutions, stable funding opportunities, and a strong commitment to scientific freedom. However, relocating involves several legal considerations, including visa requirements, rental agreements, employment contracts, and intellectual property protection. This guide outlines key legal aspects to help U.S. scientists navigate their transition to Germany.
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1. Visa and Residence Permit
U.S. citizens do not need a visa for short visits to Germany (up to 90 days) but must apply for a residence permit if they plan to work and live in Germany long-term.
- Researcher Visa (§ 18d AufenthG): This visa is designed for scientists with a hosting agreement from a German research institution.
- EU Blue Card (§ 18b AufenthG): Available for highly skilled professionals with an employment contract and a minimum gross annual salary (adjusted annually).
- Self-Employment Visa (§ 21 AufenthG): If you plan to establish a startup or work as an independent researcher.
Most researchers will apply for a researcher visa or an EU Blue Card, which can be converted into a settlement permit (permanent residency) after a certain period.
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